We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table cuatro Association ranging from dowry/fiance price (paid off by for the-regulations regarding siblings, someone else on town and you can people) and you will wife’s status in the relationship domestic (OLS)
cuatro.step three Dialogue and you can robustness checks
Within the deciding the fresh ladies status regarding relationship house, the result of web dowry (dowry without bride-to-be rates) will get count. Keep in mind that the level of deferred mehr is included on their own out of the online dowry as previous has never been reduced unless of course separation and divorce takes place and should not meet the requirements assets delivered into the relationships. The outcomes recommend that brand new property introduced toward ount) augment their own decision-and also make power and you can autonomy. These types of self-confident connectivity are not surprising as the new relationships of bride speed paid back during the time of wedding focus on avoid to those of dowry however estimations.
Possibly, a heightened ages otherwise studies variation you’ll damage the brand new wife’s reputation regarding the relationship house. Plus many years variation in addition to education change (replacing new husband’s age and degree) does not affect the fundamental consequences, while the coefficients of these details aren’t significant (Appendix postordre brudens historie Dining table nine, Panel B).
Brand new quote techniques is actually repeated of the substitution dowry and you can bride rate having internet dowry (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee A great)
One to might argue that what number of ages because the relationship try important because the effect off dowry (or fiance rates) will be deeper soon after relationship. Together with decades due to the fact ount away from dowry (replacing female’s ages within matrimony) magnifies the base aftereffect of dowry from inside the women’s self-reliance however, minimizes its magnitude while the benefits height within the ladies’ decision-making (Appendix Table 9, Committee C). Meaning that a more impressive dowry increases the wife’s autonomy from inside the the fresh marital home once wedding; although not, the brand new connection is not significantly affected by the latest passage through of many years since the marriage.
No way of measuring gender ideology is included in the primary estimation due to endogeneity issues. One you will believe inclusion of such actions get undermine the newest association between dowry and you will ladies’ updates regarding marital domestic. While we do not reject the possibility that needs and you may ideological beliefs towards gender relationships are not intrinsic and alter along side marital existence, the quote processes is actually frequent by the and additionally two steps having son preference: the initial changeable equals you to definitely in the event the wife’s ideal quantity of sons try greater than compared to daughters and the second equals one in the event the spouse wants to render degree to help you sons instead of in order to daughters. Managing to own gender ideology does not drastically affect the fundamental quote results (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel D). Amazingly, women’s decision making was positively on the young buck taste. Yet not, it’s negatively with the preference to have delivering degree so you’re able to sons than daughters. A potential translation is the fact highly experienced female may be up against gender inequality within the training and start to become a whole lot more motivated regarding relationship house however, choose with a lot more sons than just daughters. So it appears in line with some current studies indicating one child preference is more prevalent certainly very knowledgeable feminine as opposed to uneducated feminine in Southern area Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).